Efeitos da terapia por fotobiomodulação aplicado imediatamente antes do treinamento resistido em idosas diabéticas do tipo 2

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) applied immediately before resistance training in type 2 diabetic women. METHODS: Study 1 consisted of a systematic review registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017060857), with controlled and randomized studies based on PRISMA, in which databases such as LILACS, IBECS, Pubmed / MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, SciELO, PEDro, ScienceDirect and Bireme were consulted, combining the descriptors diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), resistance training, aerobic exercise and oxidative stress in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The methodological quality of the articles was evaluated by the PEDro scale. Data were read, analyzed, extracted and synthesized. Study 2 consisted of a clinical, controlled, randomized, double-blind trial. 32 volunteers were selected between 60 and 75 years old, with a diagnosis of T2DM, following the pre-established inclusion / exclusion criteria. The quadriceps muscle strength was verified by the test of 10 maximal repetitions, the distance walked on the 6MWT and the oxidative metabolism through TBARs and TEAC. The volunteers were randomized into LED group (LTG) and placebo group (TG). The final sample consisted of 26 volunteers, being LTG (n = 13) and TG (n = 13). The intervention consisted of the 30 J PMBT and irradiation of 3 min and 48 s per area in the quadriceps of the dominant lower limb, immediately before the resistance training, for 8 weeks, 2 times a week, on non-consecutive days. The exercises were performed in 2 sets of 8 to 12 repetitions, with 1 to 2 minutes of interval between sets and exercises. All variables were collected pre and post resistance training. The data were analyzed by the GraphPad Prism 5 software and considered statistically significant p <0.05. RESULTS: In study 1 of a total of 746 articles, only 4 met the inclusion criteria. The synthesis of the four selected articles was done, which consisted of randomized controlled clinical trials, that were classified as having a high methodological quality according to an evaluation performed by PEDro Scale, as they obtained a score 6, in a scale from 0 to 10. It was submitted to the Brazilian Journal of Sports Medicine. In the study 2 for muscle strength in the pre and post-intervention LED group (26 ± 9.66 kg, 42.50 ± 7.90 kg, p <0.0001), for the pro-oxidant activity (TBARs) in the pre-LED group and post-intervention (3.76 ± 0.85 mg / ml, 2.52 ± 0.76 mg / ml, p <0.0001) and for antioxidant activity (TEAC) in the pre and post intervention LED group (1, 66 ± 0.13 μmol / L, 2.17 ± 0.23 μmol / L, p <0.0001) there was a statistically significant difference. Only the distance covered in the 6MWT did not present a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: For study 1, aerobic physical training seems to be the most effective in reducing glycemic levels and oxidative stress in sedentary individuals with T2DM. For study 2 there was improvement of muscle strength and oxidative metabolism of the group of elderly diabetic type 2 who underwent photobiomodulation therapy applied immediately before the resistance training.