Aplicabilidade e eficácia de protocolos de dor torácica para alta hospitalar em adultos com sintomatologia sugestiva de Síndrome Coronariana Aguda: revisão sistemática da literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is defined as a "group of clinical symptoms used with acute myocardial ischemia", and it is the main cause of death in the world, with high clinical and financial impact. In this sense, the development of economic studies that can contribute to the reduction of costs associated with the treatment of ACS must be considered. Aim: To synthesize scientific research on the applicability and evaluation of chest pain protocols at hospital, discharge for adults with symptoms suggestive of ACS in the Emergency Room. Method: Systematic literature review with a qualitative approach, which included publications in the form of scientific articles from 2015 to 2020, available in Portuguese and English. A search strategy includes the following descriptors: acute coronary syndrome, clinical protocols, chest pain protocol, diagnostic protocol, hospital mortality and hospital discharge. The database consulted were the Virtual Health Library (VHL), LILACS, BDENF and MEDLINE. Articles with access unavailability, double publications, abstracts, texts in project format, in other languages that are not heard, established time recovery forums, and all articles that are not articulated with a chosen theme were excluded. Data extraction was performed by a primary reviewer, analyzed, discussed and presented descriptively. Results: The use of protocols allows all professionals involved in the care of patients with ACS to perform an effective care practice, providing subsidies that enable a faster and more adequate assessment and provision of care. It was concluded that some diagnostic protocols are already implemented, being successful for assessing chest pain at hospital discharge in adults with symptoms suggestive of ACS. A diagnostic strategy of the chest pain units evaluated in the reviewed studies allowed individuals with pain of non-cardiovascular etiology to be investigated in less difficult places and at a lower cost, selecting their hospital discharge quickly and safely.