Análise da eficácia da fotobiomodulação com luz emitida por diodo (LED) no controle da dor, edema facial, trismo, disfagia, qualidade de vida e ansiedade após extração de terceiros molares inferiores retidos: ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo-cego e placebo-controlado

Abstract

Removal of retained third molars is a very common surgical procedure and has been associated with high morbidity. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of fotobiomodulation with light emitting diode (LED) in in controlling of pain, facial edema, trismus, dysphagia, quality of life and anxiety after extraction of retained lower third molars. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving 29 adult participants was performed. Immediately after the surgeries, participants were randomized into 2 groups: LED group (n=17, intra oral with 660 nm, 5 mW, 2,7 J/cm2,7min, 2J per point, totalizing 12J and extraoral with 850 nm, 5 mW, 3,8 J/cm2, 3J per point, totalizing 108J and placebo-controlled (n=17, nonactive LED). LED applications were performed in the immediate postoperative, 1,2 and 4 days after the surgical procedure. Pain (VAS and NRS-101), edema, mouth opening, temperature, hematoma and dysphagia were evaluated in the periods of 1,2,4 and 7 days postoperatively. Quality of life and anxiety were assessed preoperatively and 7 days after surgery. No difference between the control group and the LED group was observed regarding pain, edema, temperature, hematoma, quality of life and anxiety. However, the LED group presented a lower degree of dysphagia and improvement of some aspects of swallowing-related quality of life when compared to the control group. In conclusion, LED photobiomodulation appears to be effective in improving dysphagia in patients undergoing retained lower third molar surgery.