Simulação de interrupções de semáforos em sistemas de transporte com o uso da teoria de redes complexas

Abstract

Transport networks are critical infrastructures for the well-being of society, especially in large urban and commercial centers. In these centers, the networks of streets and avenues enable the transport of people and products and the realization of essential services in the area of health, public safety, commerce, leisure, among others. Transport systems can be considered complex sys- tems composed of a wide variety of agents and structures interacting locally and generating global standards, such as the economic development of an urban area. The use of traffic lights, signs, signals, and other intelligent flow control devices integrated with information technology has be- come increasingly common. However, these devices are not foolproof, and have vulnerabilities to cyber-attacks or failures such as loss of connectivity or electrical breakdowns. The disruptive im- pact of failures and attacks on these devices is related to how transport systems are struc- tured. Complex network theory provides important tools for redundancy analysis and robustness of complex systems such as the transport system. Considering that the relationship between failures in signalized intersections and the structure of urban transport systems was not frequently ad- dressed in the literature, this dissertation seeks, with the aid of complex network theory, to evaluate the impact of flow limitation on signalized intersections, using data on the structure of real urban networks, and simulating the travel of agents in three types of disruptive scenarios. The analysis was applied to pieces of the networks of San Francisco, São Paulo and Paris. The aim is to evaluate not only impacts on transportation systems, but also the impacts that occurred on agents' travel patterns. Among the results obtained, it is observed that systems with greater connectivity can be more intensely affected by damage to their signalized intersections, and that from a certain fraction of affected elements, agents are indifferent between changing the path to escape the affected inter- sections or using the same path they would use under normal conditions.