Correlação entre maloclusões, dimensão vertical de oclusão e disfunção temporomandibular em crianças e adolescentes

Abstract

The presence of malocclusion associated with change in vertical dimension of occlusion may be a predisposing factor to the installation of temporomandibular disorders. As a result, the objective of this study was to establish the correlation between types of malocclusion, change the Vertical Dimension of Occlusion and Temporomandibular Disorders in their varying degrees of severity in children and adolescents 7-12 years of both genders. It was evaluated 105 individuals from the Rogacionista Institute in Sao Paulo, SP, 61 of which contemplated the inclusion criteria. Children and adolescents were evaluated by questionnaire, which was applied to the search index Helkimo diagnosis of temporomandibular joint dysfunction and subsequent clinical examinations were performed, which revealed the presence of malocclusion, as measured in the Vertical Dimension of Occlusion by digital caliper. The associations between type of occlusion, gender, and temporomandibular disorders were obtained by applying the Fisher exact test. Age and Vertical Dimension of Occlusion by gender were compared using the Student t test. It was adjusted a logistic regression model for the type of occlusion, linking it to the explanatory variables gender, age, and temporomandibular disorder and vertical dimension. In all analysis was set the significance level of 5% or the corresponding p-value. The results showed that the anterior open bite was the change in occlusal more prevalent among children and adolescents. There was a statistically significant association between the occlusal vertical dimension and age in both genders, suggesting that the vertical extent varies with age and growth. Temporomandibular dysfunction affected 68.85% of the sample, 26 (42.62%) with mild, 11 (18.03%) of moderate type and 5 (8.2%) severe. For the three variables, no correlations were found between malocclusion, Vertical Dimension of Occlusion and Temporomandibular Disorders.