Target 2.0: um modelo colaborativo para gestão de lições aprendidas em projetos suportado por tecnologias da web 2.0

Abstract

Knowledge has become a valuable intangible asset that can help project management, in a way that known errors activities can be avoided and processes that have worked can be repeated and hence, integrated into organization. However, problems associated with the management of lessons learned are pervasive in organizations, including project members claiming lack of time to perform activities of lessons learned management, prioritizing other activities. When lessons learned activities are carried out, it was identified inconsistencies in the process of capture of tacit knowledge because team members often do not feel comfortable in sharing their knowledge or report their failures. Additionally, when the capture occurs, the project members find it difficult to record the information because the IT tools currently available to support the process of lessons learned, appear inefficient, especially in terms of search engines. Project management guides used in organizations (e.g. PMBoK-PMI and ICB-IPMA) do not have processes or specific activities for knowledge management and lessons learned in projects. Therefore, it was identified the need for the treatment of lessons learned in organizations and specifically in Information Technology (IT) and Information Systems (IS) projects. This dissertation aims to: 1. Develop a model of adoption of IT 2.0 tools to assist IT/IS project managers in the lessons learned management and 2. Validate the proposed model by reviewing the model with experts in projects. We used mixed methods as paradigm and method in this research. Ten interviews and 183 answers of the questionnaire were used to answer the research question "how lessons learned can be managed with the support of IT 2.0 tools in IT/IS projects?” As a result, it was generated the Target 2.0 model, which includes the following lessons learned management processes: raising awareness, collect/verify, store/disseminate and reuse processes. They are supported by technologies as Wikis, Social Networks, Blogs, Really Simple Syndication (RSS) and Web Office. Regards the contribution to theory, this dissertation is of explanatory and predictive type, has incremental originality and scientific and practical use. For the contribution to practice the study assists the project team to implement lessons learned activities suggesting tools and processes. We conclude that the lessons learned can be managed through lessons learned processes performed in any phase of the project. The suggested tools facilitate the exchange of experiences and collaboration and the Target 2.0 model covers processes, technology and people, aspects that can ensure better results when aligned with the strategy and the structure of the organization.