Avaliação orofacial e efeito da terapia fotodinâmica na redução da halitose em pacientes com Esclerose Múltipla –ensaio clínico controlado

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immuno-mediated, neurodegenerative, inflamatory disease, of unknown etiology and for which there is no cure. This work aimed to evaluate the orofacial conditions of individuals with MS, including the presence of TMD and salivary flow and observe if there is any correlation or association between these factors, in addition to observing the presence of halitosis in patients with MS, and verify if the treatment with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is effective against it. We selected 50 patients with diagnosis of MS and in treatment at the Specialties Clinic School of Medicine, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES). Patients were selected to perform the NOT-S instrument, which assesses the orofacial functions, while awaiting consultations and later, 30 of these patients were invited for a return in which the full evaluation was performed. We collected data on duration of the disease, degree of disability, medication use, presence of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) through the RDC/TDM, a stimulated sialometry test was made and halitosis was assessed with the OralchromaTM device. Patients with halitosis from the tongue coating underwent immediate treatment, which held tongue scraping followed by aPDT. To perform the aPDT, the photosensitizer used was methylene blue manipulated at a concentration of 0.005% (Fórmula e Ação®) associated with the laser THERAPY XT-EC® (DMC ABC Medical Equipment, Dental, SP, BR). Six points in the tongue dorsum were irradiated with a distance of 1 cm between them. The device was calibrated with wavelength of 660 nm, with energy of 9 J and power of 100 mW for 90 seconds per point, fluency of 320 J/cm2 and irradiance of 3537 mW/cm2. Data were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis. To test the normality of the data, we used the Shapiro-Wilk test. The data were non-parametric (except for age), then were represented as medians and quartiles, boxplot graphs and scatter plots. To assess statistical difference between halitosis before and after the aPDT the Wilcoxon test was used. For the correlation of numerical variables, the Spearman coefficient was used, and for the association of categorical variables, we used the Mann-Whitney test. Statistically significant differences were those whose p <0.05. Among the patients studied, the median score of NOT-S was 3, 40% had TMD, 33% of patients had severe hyposalivation, 40% had moderate hyposalivation and only 16% had normal salivary flow and 86% had initial halitosis. Treatment with a scraper associated with aPDT was effective in reducing oral malodor (p <0.0001). There was significant correlation between the degree of disability and disease duration, and association only between the result of NOT-S and TMD. It was concluded that patients with MS seem to have a high prevalence of halitosis, moderate or severe hyposalivation, DTM and halitosis. Treatment with tongue scraper associated with aPDT proved effective in the immediate reduction in halitosis in these patients.