Estudo do sono, risco de apneia, sonolência excessiva diurna e qualidade de vida de pacientes com doença renal crônica submetidos à hemodiálise

Abstract

Introduction: Sleep disorders are common all over the world and have profound effects on modern industrialized societies "24 hours". Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has a high morbidity and mortality, associated with a prevalence of 9.6% in women and 24.8% in men in the general population. OSA is more prevalent in chronic end-stage renal disease (CKD) and is associated with systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), left ventricular hypertrophy and increased mortality. Although OSA is characterized by repetitive collapse of the upper airway (VAS) during sleep, its cause is still not completely established. The observation that OSA is more prevalent in patients with edematous states, such as heart failure and ESRD than in the general population, raises the possibility that fluid retention may increase the risk of OSA. Objectives: To verify the behavior of the apnea/hypopnea index in the interdialytic period in patients with CKD. Methods: A consecutive cross-sectional clinical study was conducted to investigate the behavior of sleep apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) in patients with CKD undergoing HD at the Unidade de Nefrologia (UNEFRO) at Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia in Avaré, (SP) and Centro de Nefrologia Zona Norte - CENENORTE, São Paulo (SP), Brazil. The design and conduct of this study followed the guidelines of the Strengthening Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement. Results: In the first phase of the study, 243 patients were evaluated, with 61.32% of males, with a mean age of 57 years, presenting as baseline SAH (46.3%), DM (38.8% ), Glomeronephritis (4.7%) and other diseases (10.3%). In the second phase, 18 patients underwent home night time polygraphy at night after HD and two subsequent nights using a portable cardiorespiratory monitoring device Apnea Link Air (ResMed Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA). The clinical and demographic characteristics of the population involved in this study are very similar to those described in the literature, emphasizing the predominance of patients with SAH and DM as the underlying disease. In relation to excessive daytime sleepiness, a high prevalence was observed. When we analyzed the risk for OSA, a large number of patients with a high risk of apnea were observed through the Berlin clinical questionnaire. As for the quality of life, a commitment was observed in all aspects related to the physical and mental domains, showing a marked commitment. Preliminary data from the study with polygraphs showed that AHI showed a significant change in the interdialytic period, showing the influence of rostraine fluids on the magnitude of obstructive respiratory events during sleep. Conclusions: This important finding allows new investigations regarding the use of noninvasive ventilatory support during sleep in patients with CKD submitted to HD, which may improve sleep quality, as well as reduce cardiovascular risk, the main cause of morbidity and mortality in this population