Efeitos da doença periodontal na gestação e sua repercussão no sistema imune da prole: papel do tratamento com terapia fotodinâmica

Abstract

Oral cavity pathogens play an important systemic role, modulating the development of several diseases. Periodontal disease (PD) is very common and caused by bacterial infection associated with dental biofilm. It is associated with various pathological conditions such as gum inflammation, periodontal ligament degeneration, dental cementum and alveolar bone loss. Clinical evidence points to the association between maternal PD and adverse outcomes during pregnancy. Thus, our objective was to investigate the impact of PD on the offspring's immune system, as well as the role of periodontal treatment. For this, we used Wistar rats submitted to PD induction by ligation in the lower molar teeth and posterior mating. The treatment by periodontal scraping and PDT using 0.005% methylene blue photosensitizer, 0.1mg/ml and diode laser irradiation λ = 660 nm, average radiant power of 100 mW, 2 application points with 9J radiant energy per point of application for 90s, was performed 15 days after the onset of PD. Thirty days after birth, the offspring were subjected to acute pulmonary inflammation by administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Salmonella abortus equi, 5mg / kg, ip). Our results showed that periodontal disease reduced birth weight and this reduction was maintained until weaning. Regarding interferences in the offspring immune system, no significant changes were evidenced, since we did not observe differences in pulmonary cell recruitment, cytokine release and expression and, also in tracheal reactivity. However, further investigations are necessary since there is an increase in COX-2 gene expression.