Modulação da inflamação sistêmica em modelo experimental de asma e periodontite: papel do tratamento periodontal associado à terapia fotodinâmica

Abstract

Periodontitis (P) is a disbiotic inflammatory disease with an adverse impact on systemic health. For this reason, the association of periodontitis with several systemic diseases, among them asthma (A), has been studied. However, pulmonary inflammation in asthma is restricted to the airway mucosa, with little evidence of systemic inflammation. As periodontal treatment associated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) is able to treat periodontitis, the aim of this study is to verify whether periodontitis exerts systemic effects on asthma, and whether its treatment (TTO) associated or not with PDT is capable of altering the systemic course of both pathologies. Sixty-four male Balb / c mice (~ 2 months) were divided into 8 groups (n = 8): (1) Basal - unmanaged; (2) with P; (3) with P + TTO; (4) with P + TTO + PDT, (5) Asthma, (6) A + P, (7) A + P + TTO, (8) A + P + TTO + PDT. P was induced by the ligation technique (14 days) and asthma by administration of ovalbumin (OVA) and aluminum hydroxide subcutaneously (days 0 and 7) and nebulization with OVA (3 x / week, for 5 weeks). TTO was performed with mini-five curettes and PDT with methylene blue (0.005%), diode Laser,  = 660 nm, radiant exposure 318 J / cm², 9J per point at 2 points. After 43 days of the start of the experiment, all animals were euthanized. Total and differential leukocyte count in serum, as well as platelet count, were evaluated; in the alveolar bronchial lavage and in the femoral lavage the total cell count was done; reactivity of the trachea, lung edema, cytokines in the gingiva (IL-10, IL-6 and TNFα). The frequency of inflammatory cells was assessed by flow cytometry. For the statistical analysis, the One-way ANOVA test was used, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls post-test. There was an increase in the number of blood circulating eosinophils in group A when compared to group B (p <0.01) that characterizes the experimental model of asthma. There was also an increase in TNF-α gingiva for group A when compared to B group. There was no difference in total and circulating circulating blood cells, total platelet and bone marrow counts of the femur, pulmonary edema and inflammatory cytokines (IL4 and IL10) in the lung homogenate for all groups analyzed. Thus, these data contributed to elucidate that periodontitis and asthma associated or not with periodontal treatment with PDT are not able to interfere with the systemic parameters of Balb / c mice. More studies are needed to understand the systemic regulatory process of these pathologies.