Expansão urbana e preservação ambiental: uma avaliação do impacto da lei de parcelamento, uso e ocupação do solo no distrito de Parelheiros, município de São Paulo

Abstract

This study sought to identify the use of municipal regulatory instruments, especially the Law on Land Parceling, Use and Occupancy. (Municipal Law No. 16.402/2016), and their relationship with the evolution of urban expansion by housing pressures and the possible increase in the suppression of vegetation cover of the Atlantic Forest in the district of Parelheiros, southern end of the city of São Paulo. This territory presents numerous subdivisions and other irregular occupations promoting the suppression of the vegetation cover. To achieve the defined objectives, we methodologically approached a range of legislation, notably the Strategic Master Plan (Law No. 16.050/2014), the Law on Land Parceling, Use and Occupancy (Law No. 16.402/2016), the Municipal Plan for Conservation and Recovery of the Atlantic Forest (PMMA/2018) and the Regional Plans of the Subprefectures, as well as access to academic theses, scientific articles and other technical documents for the construction of theoretical references on the territory, the Atlantic Forest biome, urban expansion and sustainability. Several satellite images were used to assess the changes in land cover classes, between the years 2009, 2016 and 2020, obtained from the Image Generation Division (DGI) of the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) and, based on them, maps and tables were prepared for better visualization and interpretation of the phenomena in question. In the analysis of these images, it was found that these alterations in land occupation occurred because of the increase in urban expansion, which resulted in the vegetation suppression of the biome, motivated by strong demographic pressure, excessive real estate speculation, and a fiscal deficit, especially in the poorer regions where the less favored citizens live. The implementation of the Mario Covas ring road has shown that, although part of the biome has been removed, the environmental compensations have caused the vegetation area to increase, demonstrating that, when the legislation and urban planning are followed, the objectives of environmental preservation are successfully achieved. According to the data presented, it can be inferred that most of the changes in land use in the study territory occur outside the Law on Land Parceling, Use and Occupancy.