Coesão de equipes: a influência da orientação a meta e intraempreendedorismo em abordagens ágeis de projetos

Abstract

Project management is an important way to manage organizations and to face the complex challenges that present themselves. Over the last few years there have been technical improvements in project management, the emergence of the agile approach, and the exchange of knowledge with other areas of organizational thought have provided project management with several contributions on how to use it in organizations. The agile approach allowed clients to become closer to the organizations and to project management, mainly avoiding the risk of non-conformity of the project deliveries with the expectations of these clients. Projects managed with agile approaches stand out for having self-managed teams, thus more deliveries occur in shorter time intervals, and the information obtained is used to generate value to the final product. This search for focus on customer expectations demands that the project teams are imbued with a spirit of serving the customer, and at the same time seek to achieve the desired result of the project and the organization as a whole. For this, both intrapreneurship, or the entrepreneurial performance of the employee within the company, and goal orientation, or the search for results, are coherent aspects with this scenario of agile projects in organizations. For projects to be successful, employees must then form teams with these intrapreneurial and goal-oriented characteristics, stimulating the cohesion of project teams. In this sense, the objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of intrapreneurship and goal orientation, on team cohesion, mediated by agility in projects. To achieve these objectives, a survey was conducted with individuals involved in projects, with data analyzed through structural equation modeling and linear regression for conditional effects. The results indicated that team cohesion is higher when affected by intrapreneurship in agile environments. Goal orientation had no significant effect in the model tested. At the end, academic and professional contributions of this study are discussed, as well as limitations and suggested future research.