Contribuição do transporte de carga rodoviário à poluição atmosférica na região portuária de Vicente de Carvalho, Guarujá-SP

Abstract

With the increase in the urban population, new challenges arise for cities. Among the biggest concerns, the environmental one is more aggravating because the burning of fossil fuels worryingly affects the health of populations living in large urban agglomerations. Port areas have several types of transport in the surroundings, mainly cargo and are usually regions where poorer populations settle in search of jobs. Road freight transport is mostly powered by diesel, a fossil fuel with a high concentration of pollutants. In this perspective, the present research brings an analysis, in the port region of Vicente de Carvalho, in Guarujá/SP, of the emission of PM10 from large cargo vehicles and at the same time an analysis of the existing green infrastructure in the region. Thus, within the urban boundary of the area, field data collection of PM10, temperature, humidity and wind speed were carried out at 43 points, in addition to vehicle counting to perform the calculation with the Emission Factor provided by CETESB. When performing the calculation, it is possible to identify the Air Quality Index (AQI). Finally, the analysis of 500 points was carried out in the i-Tree software to identify the green structure of the site. The results indicated a strong concentration of heavy vehicles in the region, where in just an hour and a half more than 900 vehicles passed on a road. In the interpretation of data collected in the field, the IDW interpolation performed in the QGIS software indicated points of PM10 where the concentration exceeded 60 µg/m³. The simulation performed on the i-Tree showed that the studied region has only 12% of vegetation. The various methodologies used gave the research findings that showed the lack of green infrastructure and the need for measures to reverse the current situation.