Infraestrutura verde urbana e o potencial de oferta de serviços ecossistêmicos para adaptação climática: análise do uso do solo do bairro Pinheiros (São Paulo)

Abstract

The relationship of cities with climate change is in constant transitions and adaptations. The need to plan the urban landscape, using new solutions, becomes increasingly urgent. In urban and environmental planning there are green solutions that can be explored to increase thermal cooling, providing better comfort, strategies like these associate multiple benefits for society and the climate. The objective of this work is to present an estimation method of urban green areas, capable of receiving Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) strategies that demonstrate Ecosystem Services (ES) of Climate Regulation providing thermal comfort, in a territorial cut in the City of São Paulo. The research methodology was initially carried out through a bibliographical review, to survey the Theoretical Reference of concepts and later three specific objectives were studied: 1) Identification of different SbN corresponding to relevant ecosystem functions for cooling in urban areas, with green areas and tree cover with theoretical survey; 2) Analysis of the potential supply of SE for Climate Regulation in different extensions of vegetation cover as an EbA measure, with a case study of geospatial analysis in a territorial cut in the city of São Paulo; 3) Discussion of the inclusion of SbN and SE as support measures for actions in the São Paulo Climate Action Plan and how these solutions contribute to achieving the goals of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The relationship between concepts, functions and benefits and uses in the city serves to assess how these SbN applications enhance SE and reflect on the results obtained. Area analyzes were performed using land cover classifications, which allowed analyzing geographic data (QGIS), mapping geospatial information. It was possible to propose a study scope of SE supply for climate regulation, according to the data found, with the intention of discussing an evaluation model of urban green area, which enhances thermal comfort. The work thus contributes to Urban Resilience to heat, through Ecosystem-Based Adaptation (EBA) measures and aims to integrate the applicability of the approach in Urban Planning practices, seeking to integrate concepts and discuss responses that environmental qualification brings to multidimensional issues of a smart and sustainable city. The study offers data that can serve both as urban development implementation strategies on small scales, neighborhoods and districts, as well as in larger actions in urban plans, SDGs and climate plans.