Um estudo sobre incubadoras de empresas tradicionais: a análise da importância da vocação regional e da inovação tecnológica

Abstract

This work has as subject the traditional business incubators, which are conquering a high growth rate and great importance in the context of the economical and regional development of several countries. In agreement with the Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT, 2004), the business incubators can be of three types: technological, traditional and mixed. The importance of the technology based incubators is understood, because a high risk technician and commercial exist for the business incubators, what justifies the ingress in this protected environment. Even then in the traditional business incubators, that have been created in several Brazilian cities by city halls and commercial or industrial associations, they should be privileged the economical sections that they represent the vocation local or regional, serving the incubators to help the business to develop or to absorb new technologies, generating employment and income. This work presents the following objectives: to verify how the traditional business incubators are projected; what motivates and determines the creation and the section of performance of the business incubators in certain area; which the relationship that keeps with the economical regional vocation of the area; which the rule for the selection of companies; the standard of measurement the business incubators contribute to the technology incorporation to the products or processes of the incubated companies. They are also discussed, as the traditional incubators they can contribute with the local productive arrangements (Apls). The research methods used were the bibliographical research, the documental research (sites of the incubators and edictal for selection of companies) and interview with 5 incubators in different areas in the state of São Paulo and 11 incubated companies. One of the principal found results was that the objective of helping the companies incubated in the aspect of the technological improvement, part of the definition of the Ministry of the Science and Technology, it is not being accomplished, prevailing motivations of political order in the creation of the business incubators. The main contribution of the incubators for the incubated companies is relating to management; to teach how to manage the company it has been the principal support given by the incubators. The local economical vocation is not also being prioritized in the choice of companies for incubation, except for one of the studied incubators.