Sustentabilidade urbana: análise do uso e ocupação do espaço urbano na cidade de São Bernardo do Campo

Abstract

Brazilian large cities coexist with two completely different situations: the “legal city” and the “illegal city” in the same urban space. Since the promulgation of the Law 10.527, dated July 10, 2001, known as the City Statute, and given the need to integrate and to include the “illegal city” in the “legal city”, the issue of how to ensure the right to the city to all its residents has gained priority and importance. Once the problem was identified, it has been noticed that, by introducing a new strategic approach to these two “cities”, it would be possible to create the conditions to identify and to classify them, and therefore to subsidize the urban planning and the investments capable of promoting a more inclusive territorial planning. The identification, classification and clustering of the allotments, villages and occupation areas for which there are barely any public investments and equipment can be carried out by using modern tools that support planning, by controlling urban land use, subdivision and occupancy and by implementing an integrated solution which proposes: a) the reduction of urban planning regions from the level of agglomerate census used by IBGE to levels that describe and show the differences of a less inclusive city; b) the use of data compatible with the new planning regions; and c) the application of techniques related to Multivariate Data Analysis. Therefore, based on two emblematic clippings from São Bernardo do Campo – one of the largest cities in the State of São Paulo, identified as having one of the highest municipal Human Development Index (HDI) in Brazil and where the “legal city” and the “illegal city” are apparent and present all over the city –, the research has focused on corroborating the suggested solution, aiming to contribute to the plan of including the residents of these two cities in such a way that the right to the sustainable city is ensured to all city residents, as idealized in the City Statute.