Estudo de viabilidade da produção de energia elétrica a partir do biogás gerado pela biodigestão de resíduos sólidos orgânicos de uma central de abastecimento paulista

Abstract

This work aimed to evaluate the applying of organic waste from a central of food supply located in São Paulo State, Brazil. Within the process of anaerobic biodigester to produce biogas, with the purpose of generating electric energy. The use of this technology from a commercial motorcycle generator company is to demonstrate the technical and economic feasibility of a commercial biogas generator running on biogas. To produce electrical energy, it was necessary to set up a batch-type biodigester on a laboratory scale, collect the organic solid waste that is discarded at the central supply, produce, measure the temperature and verify the evolution of the daily biogas generation through the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter of microorganisms. The analysis of the capacity of the electric power generation occurred through technical information of the generator, specifically developed and adapted to the combustion of the biogas. According to the results obtained in the proposal, the cost of energy generated by the installed generator would be around US$ 1.92/kWh (R$ 0.51/kWh), lower than that of the concessionaire, which is currently US$ 2.11/kWh (R$ 0.56/kWh), and the rate of return of the project to deploy the power plant, using organic solid wastes from the disposal of the selected supply center was approximately 3.27 times (327%) and the Payback of the investment had its return in 1 (one) year, demonstrating a large feasibility for the project. In addition to the financial factor, it is important to highlight some indirect benefits obtained from the implementation of the technology used, for example: the reuse of thermal energy dissipated by the equipment, the sale or use of fertilizer as a rich fertilizer in protein and the sale of carbon credits. It can be said that the use of a source of food discarded by companies such as the central supply, with the appropriate treatment of separation of organic waste from the others, can be used in the generation of biogas and transformed into electricity.