Conhecimento, cooperação tecnológica e desenvolvimento de tecnologias protegidas por patentes no segmento da bioinformática

Abstract

Bioinformatics is a segment of Biotechnology that has developed through the building of databases and process modeling on genomes and protein sequences. Development of such technologies requires development and patenting strategies. For this, technological cooperation is essential, efficiently meeting the demands of the segment. Therefore, organizations seek to know which technological strategies should be applied, whether emerging technology is emergent, and to what extent they can make such decisions. Thus, in this research, we seek to answer the following research question: what are the relationships among knowledge, technological cooperation and the development of technologies protected by patents in the bioinformatics segment? To this end, we conducted three interdependent studies. Study 1 is bibliographic research with 797 articles as a sample, supported by factor analysis, from 1996 to 2020. The objective of this study was to explore the conceptual bases on the relationship between knowledge and patents. Regarding the main findings of Study 1, a system of conceptual bases (theoretical framework) on the relationship between knowledge and patent, and the mapping of clusters related to the main conceptual factors stand out: (1) Learning and Organizational Networks; (2) Innovation and Geographic Proximity; and (3) Patents and Knowledge Spillovers. In Study 2, we investigated the influence of technological cooperation and the flow of knowledge on the innovation efforts by developed and developing countries, specifically in the Bioinformatics segment. We analyzed IPC26,043 IPC (IPC G16B patents and patent families from the Bioinformatics segment, extracted from the Derwentvate database, in the period from 2000 to 2019). The main findings of Study 2 pointed out that technological cooperation improves innovation effort and there is a greater tendency to generate new technologies with reference to existing technological knowledge. In Study 3, the objective was to examine whether organizations of technologies protected by patents in the Bioinformatics segment develop through technological cooperation of both intra and interorganizational. The main findings of Study 3 indicated main cooperation networks, technological routes, and emerging technologies in the Bioinformatics segment. Regarding practical contributions, the findings of this thesis can support strategic innovation strategies, not decisions identification, management and use of knowledge sources and relational sources, aiming at technological development in the bioinformatics segment.