Fibrina rica em plaquetas e a aplicabilidade de sua forma injetável no reparo tecidual de recessão gengival de biotipo delgado: revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Until recently, surgical correction of gingival recession (GR) was the elective treatment; but it requires tissue donation, and it is limited to small areas. There was a growing interest in blood elements with regenerative potential after the development of non-absorbable membranes for blood clot stabilization and cell dif-ferentiation around exposed roots. This study aimed to carry out an integrative re-view on the treatment of GR. Methods: We used descriptive and qualitative analysis methodologies of the available bibliography on the subject. Results: We found that several studies examined the application of plasma concentrates, obtained by dif-ferent protocols or angles of centrifugation, such as platelet rich fibrin (PRF) and its advanced (A-PRF) and injectable forms (I-PRF) associated with periodontal surger-ies to increase the keratinized tissue and the root covering. The isolated I-PRF was also applied to individuals with thin gingiva, not associated with complex surgeries of root covering by coronal flap, but these protocols included microneedling, to stim-ulate collagen production. After 6 months, individuals submitted to microneedling and injection of I-PRF and those treated only with I-PRF have similar gingival thick-ness, showing that the two procedures were equally effective. These results led to the search for a better understanding of the composition of the I-PRF, as a cell ma-trix with cytokines and platelet aggregates effector of tissue repair and regenerate gingiva. Additionally, these results highlighted the need to change the centrifuga-tion procedure to obtain different cell strains, and to conduct new studies to compare gingival growth, using these different centrifuge pattern with changes in the speed and time. Conclusion: Current results show the potential use of I-PRF to repair peri-odontium and gingival tissue. Advancements in the techniques of cell selection and cytokines, and better identification of pathological processes linked to PRF, will be aimed at prevention and early approach of RG, limiting its evolution and need for surgical and complex corrective procedures.