O Papel dos municípios brasileiros na gestão da segurança pública – estudo de caso sobre a iluminação pública no município de Guarulhos e seus efeitos na sensação de segurança e na incidência de furtos, furto e roubo de veículos em via pública e no período noturno

Abstract

Guarulhos, a city that is part of the Metropolitan Region of the City of São Paulo and the second largest municipality in the State of São Paulo in terms of population, suffers from the problems of large Brazilian cities, with the presence of crime in its daily life. According to Brazilian legislation, the responsibility for managing public security in the country is the responsibility of the states and the union, leaving municipalities with an undefined role, as mere contributors to the search for results. However, specialized literature shows that a well-maintained environment aimed at crime prevention can contribute to public security in cities. On March 6, 2023, Guarulhos entered into an administrative concession contract with the company Guarulhos Luz SPE LTDA to achieve the purposes of development, modernization, expansion, energy efficiency, operation, and maintenance of the City's public lighting system. Thus, this research aimed to analyze the influences that the new public lighting system of the Municipality of Guarulhos has on thefts, robberies, and vehicle thefts that occur at night and on public roads and on the sense of security of citizens. Furthermore, the following secondary objectives were established: to evaluate the effectiveness of the project implementation, especially regarding its scope and functionality in view of the reality of local public safety; to identify the influence of public lighting on criminal control of the sense of security of the citizens; and to reflect on the concept of Smart and Sustainable Cities from the point of view of Public Safety. The research question was: Did the implementation of the public lighting project in the Municipality of Guarulhos contribute to improving the levels of security of the City, and with the sense of security of the citizens in the public environment? Thus, the result obtained was that there is a correlation between public lighting and the sense of security of the citizens, however, there was no correlation with the reduction of thefts, robberies and robberies of vehicles, which occurred on public roads and at night. It is also concluded that the concept of Smart and Sustainable Cities incorporates the security of urban environments. The methodology adopted was qualitative, supported by a bibliographic review, collection of criminal data on incidents in the City of Guarulhos, and application of opinion research among its residents.