Avaliação dos desafios do sistema de bicicletas compartilhadas na cidade de São Paulo

Abstract

Urban challenges in large cities are significant, impacting mobility, air pollution, and public health. Bike-sharing systems (BSS) offer a sustainable and efficient alternative for short- distance travel in this scenario. However, despite their potential benefits, BSS in São Paulo still face several barriers hindering their widespread and efficient adoption. Therefore, this research focuses on the lack of in-depth understanding regarding the main challenges faced by public authorities, operators, and users in the operation and expansion of BSS in São Paulo. The guiding question for this study was: What are the main challenges faced by the stakeholders involved in the BSS in São Paulo? The general objective of the research was to evaluate these challenges, considering the perspectives of the system's different stakeholders. To achieve this, a qualitative methodological approach was adopted, structured in three stages: a systematic literature review using the PRISMA protocol; semi-structured interviews with representatives from the operating company (Tembici) and public administration (CET); and a questionnaire applied to BSS users in São Paulo. The results were organized into seven main categories of challenges: (i) urban context and infrastructure; (ii) operation and management; (iii) safety; (iv) social and cultural issues; (v) user experience; (vi) governance and public policies; and (vii) geographical and climatic factors. The analysis revealed a convergence among participants in recognizing problems such as insufficient cycling infrastructure, perception of insecurity, and unfavorable climatic conditions. On the other hand, divergences were observed regarding the service cost and integration with public transport these being less problematic from the users' perspective compared to the views of experts and literature. This study contributed to advancing academic discussions on sustainable urban mobility and offers practical subsidies for public managers, operators, and policymakers. It does so by creating a framework that synthesizes the challenges faced by BSS in São Paulo, serving as a support tool for strategies to improve the system within the context of smart and sustainable cities.