Efeito da fotobiomodulação local e vascular na organização tecidual e resistência óssea – estudo experimental

Abstract

Bone injuries are common and affect a large portion of society. Current treatments aim to control the inflammatory process and tissue repair, focusing on improving patient function. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy has shown satisfactory results by modulating the inflammatory process, accelerating bone healing, and improving tissue strength. However, studies using Vascular Photobiomodulation (VPBM) to promote bone repair are scarce. Objective: To compare the effects of photobiomodulation therapy, applied locally (LPBM) and vascular (VPBM), on bone organization and mechanical strength in an experimental model of tibial injury in rats. Methodology: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Uninjured (CTL) or injured, untreated (NT), or treated with Local (LPBM) or Vascular (VPBM) Photobiomodulation. The animals were anesthetized, and surgery was performed to create a standard bone defect in both tibias. The groups were treated using the following parameters: LPBM (808nm; 6J; 100mW) and VPBM (808nm; 15J; 100mW) three times a week, until the 30th day, when the animals were euthanized and the tibias removed and stored for histological and mechanical properties analyses. Results: Bone injury alters tissue organization and collagen proportion, reflecting on the mechanical strength of the tibia. LPBM normalized the collagen proportion and favored bone deformation capacity, while VPBM improved bone strength and tissue organization. Conclusion: PBM applied locally or vascular aids the bone repair process, improving tissue organization and bone mechanical properties.