Análise de veículos elétricos no setor de logística em centros urbanos

Abstract

The increase in population growth in addition to the increasing of the urbanization rate and the intense use of the road transport lead to several problems in urban centers, such as trafic congestion, acustic pollution, air pollution and vibrations, thus reducing the living quality from people. Freight transportation in urban centers represents a significant part of these impacts. With the worldwide trend of reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and Brazil's commitment to COP 21 to reduce their emissions rates in the next few years, the issue of emissions from freight transport will have a major influencer and so be targeted, and strategies for mitigation of impacts and optimization of technologies. Some actions can be taken, including among them the adoption of cleaner technologies, such as the use of electric vehicles, which show a worldwide trend and, in addition to the benefits of lower greenhouse gas and carbon dioxide emissions in urban centers, emission of other pollutants such as aldehydes nitrous oxides that are responsible for numerous diseases. However, the use of electric vehicles still has a low adhesion, mainly in Brazil and even less when it comes to electric vehicles for freight transportation in the logistics sector. Considering this context, this reserch is aimed to identify ways to accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles in the logistics sector in urban centers with a special focus on the city of Sao Paulo. A field survey was carried out joined by a research of barriers and measures of adoption of electric vehicles of load in the literature through a structured bibliographical research, an interview was made with representatives of a company that already uses electric vehicles of load in the city of Sao Paulo and a questionnaire was sent to logistics operators operating in the city. The data obtained in the structured review served as the basis for the construction of the questionnaire and the interview and the responses of the questionnaire were evaluated by a qualitative approach with the purpose of discovering the main barriers and what the most efficient measures for the context of the city of Sao Paulo. It was concluded that economic barriers such as the initial cost of the vehicle and batteries are the main barrier followed by lack of recharging infrastructure, and that measures that can accelerate the adoption of these vehicles include fiscal and financial measures and operational measures such as supply of subsidies for the purchase of the vehicle and for the installation of private recharging stations and an increase in investments of public recharge infrastructure.