Dyonelio Machado e a literatura do oprimido: vantagem epistemológica e possibilidade de transcendência

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to analyze the epistemological foundations which have supported and legitimized the production of knowledge in recent centuries and its developments in modes of cultural production in the West. Aiming at domination, the knowledge produced in the last two centuries has always been guided by the European worldview. The consolidation of the European hegemonic vision is made by a process of marginalization and silencing of other epistemologies. The mental models that guide the bougeois cultural production always tend to produce knowledge which can neves lead to overcome the worldview of the social class that produced it, even when it is of a certain revolucionary intent. This search retrieves Goldmann's major categories method applied to literature: full, homology and transcendent consciousness possible. What is most interesting about this method is that, unlike the other theoretical perspectives that see literature as a mere reflection of society, Goldmann higlights that collective consciousness is one of the constituent elements of a work of literature. For him, the creation of the literaty work does not reflect the values of a social class, but it is structured on their behalf. Faced with the impossibility of literature overcome bourgeois worldview of its class, this research analyzes the work of O louco do Cati of Dyonelio Machado to retrieve the epistemology of the oppressed, and the worldviews forged by the oppressed as knowledge needed to overcome the mental schemes that imprison bourgeois subjects and legitimize subtle mental structures that reproduce the worldview of the oppressor. Freire also highlights that the process of liberation from the oppressive mental structures is possible only by the action of the oppressed. The superiority of their worldview is given by the fact that it lies at the heart of the contradictions, and that position can, to free itself from the shadow of the oppressor to see reality as a structure and as a whole. This movement allows the oppressed to become aware of what is in clash with the historical and social reality it turns. Thus, there is the importance of Dyonelio Machado's literature for understanding how to build and how to establish relationships of appression. The bias of the oppressed is set in a privileged place of enunciation able to reveal all the subtleties of appression. Paulo Freire emphasizes that a libertarian pedagogy must have at its core the worldview of the oppressed.