Compras públicas sustentáveis: uma análise do governo como indutor de ações socioambientais ao longo das cadeias de suprimentos

Abstract

The sustainable public procurements are purchases that consider social and environmental aspects of products, services and/or suppliers, according to the specificities of public bids. The public agency has been seen as a member of the supply chain, so may require social and environmental criteria in bidding documents, and may result in the reduction of negative impacts along the chain. In other words, the government may induce environmental actions along the supply chain. Given this context, this study is aimed at analyze the government of São Paulo, toward sustainable public procurement, as promoter of environmental actions on suppliers. The literature review is focused on public procurement, sustainable procurement, supply chain, green supply chain and sustainable supply chain. This theoretical review helped in the construction of a conceptual model of sustainable public procurement analysis. An empirical research was conducted, characterized as exploratory, descriptive and qualitative from a case study focusing on sustainable public procurement of São Paulo. The evidence sources are: research documents, files and interviews. The research was divided into three steps: 1) Implementation and organization of sustainable procurement in the state of São Paulo; 2) operationalization of sustainable procurement in indicated cases; and 3) environmental actions on suppliers. The first step was interviewing the Director of the Public Policy Center at the Secretary of Environment who has indicated three public agencies in which the sustainable public procurements are currently in a more advanced stage of implementation. In the second stage were interviewed those responsible for sustainable public procurement in each public agency, and at this stage the edicts were considered as a reference in terms of sustainable procurement indicated. The third stage involved the suppliers identified in the edicts. The data analysis was performed using content analysis. The sustainable procurement in the state of São Paulo are mainly governed by State Decree n. 50,170 (2005) establishing the Socio-environmental Seal and the State Decree n. 53,336 (2008) which deals with sustainable public procurement. The public agencies in which sustainable procurement are more implemented: Department of the Environment [SMA], Department of Prison Administration [SAP] and the Basic Sanitation Company of the state of São Paulo [SABESP]. The sustainable bids were implanted between 2007 and 2008 in public agencies studied, and these agencies often acquire and include an Environmental Seal and socio-environmental criteria in their products and services. Four edicts were indicated: rent of hot drinks machines, which use paper cups; price registry of tires, which considers the reverse logistics; nutrition and feeding of prisoners, with a series of socio-environmental requirements; and the supply of sodium hypochlorite for water and sewage treatment, the supplier was found in social, environmental, economic and productive terms. From these edicts and interviews was possible to trace the supply chains. The SMA and SAP does not have close relationships with their suppliers, however the SABESP maintains through the qualification process. SAP does not receive any feedback from your customers, SMA has a feedback from users and SABESP maintains multiple channels and communication with their customers. The identified suppliers confirm that environmental initiatives are carried out for two reasons: because the company's own interest, and to serve the public client. Were noted actions that are related with the theory of green supply chain in the edicts provided by SMA as well as in the sustainable supply chain theory in the bidding indicated by SAP and SABESP. According to this research, it is possible to see that the government is an inducer of environmental actions along the chain, it was also noted that suppliers try to match the requirements of the edicts to provide for this market and remain themselves competitive.