Terapia por fotobiomodulação modula a organização tecidual e manutenção das propriedades mecânicas em modelo experimental de lesão cutânea

Abstract

The skin is a covering tissue that undergoes permanent environmental action, often aggressively, leading to injury to this tissue. Generally, in its repair process, structural changes occur that evolve to the development of a scar. Photobiomodulation therapy (FBM) is a resource used to modulate the inflammatory process, helping the skin repair process. However, the effect of FBM on the mechanical properties of the skin and the reflex on tissue quality, in addition to the comparison with pharmacological therapies, has not yet been evaluated. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation therapy on the maintenance of mechanical properties and tissue organization in an experimental model of skin injury. Methodology: Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups, namely: Control without lesion (CTL), Lesion without treatment (NT), Lesion + anti-inflammatory (DIC), Lesion + 1J laser (PBM1J) and Lesion + 3J laser (PBM3J) ). After anesthesia, a 5 mm skin incision was made using a surgical scalpel. After 7 and 30 days, euthanasia was performed and the epithelial tissue in the region of the lesion was removed and sent for histological and biomechanical analysis. Results: The NT group showed reduced mechanical properties (Fmax and Dmax) and disorganized epithelial tissue after 30 days of lesion induction, when compared to the CTL group. All treated groups showed improvement in tissue organization when compared to the NT group. The PBM1J group showed significant improvement in mechanical properties and histological organization. We concluded that the use of diclofenac sodium did not change the mechanical properties of the skin when compared to the NT group. Photobiomodulation therapy showed significant improvement in mechanical properties (Fmax and Dmax) in addition to improvement in tissue organization, similar to the control group.