Desenvolvimento e aplicação de um modelo dinâmico de acesso terrestre para portos marítimos e seu impacto em indicadores da relação porto-cidade

Abstract

Seaports are the main intermodal structure of the global supply chain. Point of connection between international markets, it is a highly complex logistics platform, housing different players searching for profitable and resilient maritime lines. Changing the application of a seaport after its construction is a hard task, and space for expansion is scarce. Aiming to reduce the distances between the planet's northern and southern hemispheres, ship owners developed maritime routes connecting central hub ports to concentrate goods, knowing that they are essential to its primary hinterland. The existence of a central hub port implies a competitive advantage for the municipality that hosts it; however, operational bottlenecks intensify the conflicts and influence negatively daily life. One of the main bottlenecks in this relationship is road access management, a hard-to-be-mapped, random operation. The increase in traffic density on primary accesses, reported since the beginning of the XX century in ports located in developed markets and the last decade in ports of emerging markets, weakens the relationship between the port and the city by causing congestion on the highways, mostly shared with urban traffic, and rise the emission of pollutants around port terminals. In an attempt to dilute vehicle traffic in the primary area, hub ports installed regulatory yards and adopted truck appointment systems. Added to the IT limitations are the challenges of shared management of a port located in an emerging country. Current models for road port access are static, single-window non-synchronized truck appointment systems, and it is noteworthy that other industries have formatted dynamic strategies for managing operational conditions. As a contribution, this case study develops a dynamic model of road port access. Also, it verifies the effectiveness of its application in the port-city relationship indicators in an emerging market global hub port, the Port of Santos, confronted with two ports in developed countries, the Port of Barcelona and the Port of Bremen/Bremerhaven, prospecting optimal conditions for their implementation in an environment with significant institutional obstacles. After the development of the model, the execution of the simulations, and the application in the surveyed ports, it was identified that the adoption of a dynamic model for road access by seaports could reduce the impact of the port activity on the city's daily life when the most expressive indicators of this interference are observed.