O novo marco legal do saneamento básico no Brasil: contribuições ao avanço do estado da arte por meio de revisão sistemática de literatura

Abstract

Basic sanitation is essential for the health and quality of life of the population, encompassing services such as potable water, sanitary sewage, urban cleaning, solid waste management, and stormwater drainage. However, persistent challenges in this area, such as the lack of access to these services, negatively impact Brazil. The enactment of the New Legal Framework for Basic Sanitation in 2020 promised to universalize access by 2033, but also generated debates and challenges in its implementation. General Objective: This dissertation aimed to analyze the advancement of the state of the art of scientific production in the last 3 (three) years (2020 - 2023) related to the New Legal Framework for Basic Sanitation in Brazil. Methodology: The research was conducted through an exploratory study, with a qualitative approach based on Systematic Literature Review and Content Analysis of academic articles published in the last 3 (three) years, in the CAPES Portal databases. Results: The research revealed a variety of perspectives and challenges grouped into distinct thematic categories. In analyzing the implementation challenges, six thematic axes were identified, ranging from regulation and governance to socio-environmental challenges and privatization. Regarding trends in scientific production, two main groupings emerged, focused on management models and financing. As for the opportunities presented by the Legal Framework, eight themes were highlighted, including aspects of regulation, universalization, investment, and socio-economic impacts. Finally, the impacts of the Legal Framework on sustainable development were categorized into three main groups, highlighting regulatory changes, social and economic consequences, and a critical view of current policies. Conclusion: The study aims to contribute to a comprehensive and critical understanding of the New Legal Framework for Basic Sanitation in the Brazilian context. Given the need to improve basic sanitation, analyzing current scientific production is essential to assess progress, identify challenges, and guide future public policies. This is of utmost importance, as the lack of basic sanitation has implications for public health, the environment, and sustainable development. Therefore, this study has the potential to positively impact public policies and future studies related to basic sanitation in Brazil.